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Showing posts with label Civil Service Tutorials. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Civil Service Tutorials. Show all posts

Myth of Narcissus



In Greek mythology Echo was a wood nymph who loved a youth by the name of Narcissus. He was a beautiful creature loved by many but Narcissus loved no one. He enjoyed attention, praise and envy. In Narcissus' eyes nobody matched him and as such he considered none were worthy of him.

Echo's passion for Narcissus was equaled only by her passion for talking as she always had to have the last word. One day she enabled the escape of the goddess Juno's adulterous husband by engaging Juno in conversation. On finding out Echo's treachery Juno cursed Echo by removing her voice with the exception that she could only speak that which was spoken to her.

Echo often waited in the woods to see Narcissus hoping for a chance to be noticed. One day as she lingered in the bushes he heard her footsteps and called out “Who's here?” Echo replied “Here!” Narcissus called again "Come", Echo replied "Come!". Narcissus called once more “Why do you shun me?... Let us join one another.” Echo was overjoyed that Narcissus had asked her to join him. She longed to tell him who she was and of all the love she had for him in her heart but she could not speak. She ran towards him and threw herself upon him.

Narcissus became angry “Hands off! I would rather die than you should have me!” and threw Echo to the ground. Echo left the woods a ruin, her heart broken. Ashamed she ran away to live in the mountains yearning for a love that would never be returned. The grief killed her. Her body became one with the mountain stone. All that remained was her voice which replied in kind when others spoke.

Narcissus continued to attract many nymphs all of whom he briefly entertained before scorning and refusing them. The gods grew tired of his behaviour and cursed Narcissus. They wanted him to know what it felt like to love and never be loved. They made it so there was only one whom he would love, someone who was not real and could never love him back.

One day whilst out enjoying the sunshine Narcissus came upon a pool of water. As he gazed into it he caught a glimpse of what he thought was a beautiful water spirit. He did not recognise his own reflection and was immediately enamoured. Narcissus bent down his head to kiss the vision. As he did so the reflection mimicked his actions. Taking this as a sign of reciprocation Narcissus reached into the pool to draw the water spirit to him. The water displaced and the vision was gone. He panicked, where had his love gone? When the water became calm the water spirit returned. “Why, beautiful being, do you shun me? Surely my face is not one to repel you. The nymphs love me, and you yourself look not indifferent upon me. When I stretch forth my arms you do the same; and you smile upon me and answer my beckonings with the like.” Again he reached out and again his love disappeared. Frightened to touch the water Narcissus lay still by the pool gazing in to the eyes of his vision.

He cried in frustration. As he did so Echo also cried. He did not move, he did not eat or drink, he only suffered. As he pined he became gaunt loosing his beauty. The nymphs that loved him pleaded with him to come away from the pool. As they did so Echo also pleaded with him. He was transfixed; he wanted to stay there forever. Narcissus like Echo died with grief. His body disappeared and where his body once lay a flower grew in it's place. The nymphs mourned his death and as they mourned Echo also mourned.
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The Lion and the Mouse




A lion lay asleep in the forest, his great head resting on his paws.  A timid little mouse came upon him unexpectedly, and in her fright and haste to get away, ran across the lion's nose.  Woken from his nap, the lion laid his huge paw angrily on the tiny creature to kill her.

"Spare me!" begged the poor mouse. "Please let me go and some day I will surely repay you."

The lion was so amused at the idea of the little mouse being able to help the King of Beasts, that he lifted up his paw and let her go.

Some weeks later, the lion was caught in a net.  Thehunters, who desired to carry the lion alive to their King, tied him to atree while they went in search of a wagon to carry him.

Justthen the little mouse happened to pass by, and seeing the lion's sadplight, went up to him and soon gnawed awaythe ropes of the net, freeing the lion.

"You have helped me and now I have returned the favor.  Was I not right - even a mouse can help a lion!"said the little mouse.
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The Grasshopper and the Ants


In a field one summer's day a grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart's content.  A group of ants walked by, grunting as they struggled to carry plump kernels of corn.

"Where are you going with those heavy things?" asked the grasshopper.

Without stopping, the first ant replied, "To our ant hill.  This is the third kernel I've delivered today."

"Why not come and sing with me," teased the grasshopper, "instead of working so hard?"

"We are helping to store food for the winter," said the ant, "and think you should do the same."

"Winter is far away and it is a glorious day to play," sang the grasshopper.

But the ants went on their way and continued their hard work.

The weather soon turned cold.  All the food lying in the field was covered with a thick white blanket of snow that even the grasshopper could not dig through.  Soon the grasshopper found itself dying of hunger.

He staggered to the ants' hill and saw them handing out corn from the stores they had collected in the summer.  He begged them for something to eat.

"What!" cried the ants in surprise, "haven't you stored anything away for the winter?  What in the world were you doing all last summer?"

"I didn't have time to store any food," complained the grasshopper; "I was so busy playing music that before I knew it the summer was gone."

The ants shook their heads in disgust, turned their backs on the grasshopper and went on with their work.
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Simple Guide in Subject – Verb Agreement


1. The predicate agrees with the subject in person and in number.
            a. Singular subject takes singular predicate -most of the time the predicate has “s” or “es” in ending.
            b. Plural subject takes plural predicate -most of the time predicate has no “s” or “es” in ending.
Note: words that ends with “s” most of the time signifies plurality and words that do not end with “s” is mostly singular.
Example:   Sir Ronnie discuss/discusses the lesson. (answer : discusses)
2. The predicate agrees with the subject regardless of intervening words – simply identify first the subject and look for the main verb.
Example:    The student together with the Principal go/goes to Field Trip. (answer : go)
3. The expression, “the number” takes a singular verb while the expression “a number” takes a plural verb.
4. Two nouns referring to one person takes singular verb.
5. Two nouns referring to one thing takes singular verb.
6. If any of the following is used as a subject, the verb to be used must be in singular form.
(indefinite pronoun) Either anybody everybody neither somebody nobody
7. Subject joined by either or / neither nor, are singular and plural depending on the subject nearest the verb.
8. The positive not the negative idea in the sentence agrees in number and with verb.
Example:    You not she is/are to pass the exam. (answer : are)
9. Nouns denoting fractions should take singular verb but if the fraction is followed by “of phrase” the verb depends on whether the object of the “of phrase” is singular or plural.
Example:     One half of the banana is/are for her. (answer : is)
10. Measurement of time and distance and sums of money should take plural verbs.
11. Nouns ending in “s” but singular in meaning should take singular verb.
12. Never add “s” to pluralize.
Example:    Information sheep bread deer swine datum
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The difference of Art and Craft (Art Vs Craft)


It is somehow not easy to see the difference of art and craft because of the fact that they are considered to be forms of creativity. Below are the tabulated differences of art and craft:

Art
Craft
Work out of emotion Work in which results in a tangible output
Described to be formless and has no definite meaning Described to have form and has definite meaning or message
Can hide a message to the viewer Cannot hide a message to the viewers
Cannot be quantified Can be quantified
Cannot be duplicated Can be duplicated
Evokes emotion of a person Attracts a person
Product of Heart and Soul Product of Mind and frequent practice
It requires a talent of the artist. It needs the skill of the craftsman.
It is high emotion that makes it perfect. It is the practice that makes it a world class craft.
The artist needs the emotion to flow out for him to picture out his art. The craftsman has the idea n what will be his craft looks like.
Result of work of hand. Result of work of hand and the help of tools.
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Life of Vincent van Gogh

 
Vincent van Gogh (March 30, 1853 - July 29, 1890) is generally considered the greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt, though he had little success during his lifetime. Van Gogh produced all of his work (some 900 paintings and 1100 drawings) during a period of only 10 years before he succumbed to mental illness (possibly bipolar disorder) and committed suicide. His fame grew rapidly after his death especially following a showing of 71 of van Gogh's paintings in Paris on March 17, 1901 (11 years after his death).

Vincent was born in Zundert, The Netherlands; his father was a protestant minister, a profession that Vincent found appealing and to which he would be drawn to a certain extent later in his life. His sister described him as a serious and introspective child.

At age 16 Vincent started to work for the art dealer Goupil & Co. in The Hague. His four years younger brother Theo, with whom Vincent cherished a life long friendship, would join the company later. This friendship is amply documented in a vast amount of letters they sent each other. These letters have been preserved and were published in 1914. They provide a lot of insight into the life of the painter, and show him to be a talented writer with a keen mind. Theo would support Vincent financially throughout his life.
In spring 1886 Vincent van Gogh went to Paris, where he moved in with his brother Theo; they shared a house on Montmartre. Here he met the painters met Edgar Degas, Camille Pissarro, Bernard, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Paul Gauguin. Especially the technique known as pointillism (where many small dots are applied to the canvas that blend into rich colors only in the eye of the beholder, seeing it from a distance) made its mark on Van Goghs own style. It should be noted that Van Gogh is regarded as a post-impressionist, rather than an impressionist.

In May 1890 Vincent van Gogh left the clinic and went to the physician Paul Gachet, in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, where he was closer to his brother Theo, who had recently married. Gachet had been recommended to him by Pissarro; he had treated several artists before. Here van Gogh created his only etching: a portrait of the melancholic doctor Gachet. His depression aggravated. On July 27 of the same year, at the age of 37, after a fit of painting activity, van Gogh shot himself in the chest. He died two days later, with Theo at his side, who reported his last words as "La tristesse durera toujours" (French: "The sadness will last forever"). He was buried at the cemetery of Auvers-sur-Oise; Theo unable to come to terms with his brother's death died 6 months later and was buried next to him. It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher. Large exhibitions were organized soon: Paris 1901, Amsterdam 1905, Cologne 1912, New York 1913 and Berlin 1914.

Vincent van Gogh's mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincent's life and even after his death. But she would live long enough to see her son become a world famous painter.
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Simple Guide to Subject Verb Agreement



Subject – Verb Agreement

Rule
1. The number of subject should agree with the number of verbs.
2. Measurements (fraction, percentages, amounts, distances) uses SINGULAR VERB.
3. When encountering an “OF PHRASE” consider the singularity/plurality of the nearest noun to the verb.
4. Indefinite Quantifiers (few, much, all, many…) consider the singularity/plurality of the nearest noun to the verb.
5. “Either/or,” consider the second noun for the basis of singularity/plurality of the verb.
6. Noun connected by “andis plural and must use plural verb except when referring to one thing.
7. “or” and “nor,” consider the singularity/plurality of the nearest noun to the verb.
8. When encountering a prepositional phrase, always ignore it because it does not contain the subject.
9. Indefinite pronoun (everybody, anybody…) uses singular verb.
10. The expression, “the number” takes a singular verb.
11. The expression, “a number” takes a plural verb.
12. The positive idea, not the negative idea in the sentence agrees in number with a verb.
 Notes:
o   Most Nouns that ends with “s” is plural.
o   Verb that ends “s” is singular.

Arrangement of Adjective
         Article/possessive adjective/demonstrative adjective/other determiners
                        Examples: both/this/my/an/several
         Numerals/ordinals
                        Examples: first/last/fifth
         Quantifiers
                        Examples: few/a little/plenty
            •      Qualitative adjectives
                        Examples: ugly/main/famous
         Size
                        Examples: big/heavy
            •      Age/temperature
                        Examples: hot/old
         Shape
                        Examples: round/circular
            •       Color
                        Examples: red/dark blue
            •       Origin
                        Examples: Elizabethan/rural
            •        Material/noun
                        Examples: plastic/table
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